Squirrels are fascinating creatures, often seen darting up trees or foraging for nuts. While most of us are familiar with the typical brown or gray squirrels, there’s a unique variety that captures attention instantly: the white squirrel. But just how rare are these snowy-furred creatures?
The answer is, “White squirrels are not very rare. There are at least 20 colonies of white squirrels in the United States and there are frequent individual sightings away from these colonies in many states.”
Understanding White Squirrels
White squirrels, as the name suggests, are squirrels with white fur. They are not a separate species but rather a result of a genetic variation in common squirrel species. Their captivating appearance often makes them a subject of curiosity and wonder.
However, it’s essential to note that not all white squirrels are the same. While they might look similar, the reason behind their white fur can vary. This brings us to an important distinction: the difference between albino squirrels and white squirrels with leucism.
Causes of White Coloration in Squirrels
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic condition where an animal lacks melanin, the pigment responsible for color in skin, hair, and eyes. Albino squirrels, therefore, have no color in their fur, making it white. One of the most distinguishing features of albino squirrels is their red or pink eyes, a direct result of the absence of melanin.
These squirrels are not just white versions of their species; they often face challenges due to their condition. For instance, their visibility makes them easy targets for predators, and their eyes can be sensitive to sunlight.
Leucism
Leucism is another reason some squirrels might appear white. Unlike albinism, leucism is a partial loss of pigmentation. This means that while the squirrel’s fur might be white or pale, it doesn’t necessarily have red or pink eyes. In fact, leucistic squirrels often have normal eye colors, like brown or black.
The primary difference between albinism and leucism is the extent of pigment loss. While albinos lack melanin entirely, leucistic animals only have a reduced amount. This subtle difference can sometimes make it challenging to distinguish between the two, especially from a distance.
Distribution and Habitats
White squirrels, both albino and leucistic, have been spotted in various parts of the world. However, their distribution is sporadic, and they’re not found everywhere.
The White Squirrel Institute collects information on white squirrel colonies and sightings. They have compiled a list of over 20 locations in the United States where white squirrel colonies exist. These locations are:
- Panacea FL
- Northern Keys, FL
- Charlotte NC
- Yonges Island SC
- Columbia MS
- Exeter Ontario
- Traverse City MI
- Brighton MI
- Minneapolis MN
- Bowling Green KY
- Covington TN
- Terre du Lac MO
- Troy NY
- Short Pump VA
- Olney IL
- Versailles IL
- Marionville MO
- Kenton TN
- Wabasha MN
- Montcello WI
- Westby WI
- Louisville KY
- Greenwood SC
It is postulated that white squirrels live longer in urban environments compared to in the wild due to human interest and protection.
Frequently Seen in the Great Lakes Region
Given their unique appearance, white squirrels were initially thought to be extremely rare.
However, a study published in 2020 suggests that white squirrels are more common than initially thought. The study examined the color morph distribution of squirrels in the Great Lakes region and found evidence of white squirrels 8 out of 9 states along with two provinces in Canada.
The states in the Great Lakes Regions where white squirrels were observed included:
- Illinois
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- New York
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- Wisconsin
No evidence of the white morphs were found in Indiana.
Conservation Efforts
White squirrels are not considered endangered and are not federally protected.
Some towns and communities have taken steps to protect and conserve their white squirrel populations. Efforts include creating squirrel-friendly habitats, implementing protective regulations, and raising awareness about their unique needs.
These local protection efforts result from a combination of factors including people loving the unique animals and a desire to drive tourism dollars.
Conclusion
Unless you live near one of the colonies of white squirrels listed above spotting one of these pretty animals is not an everyday occurrence.
However, given how many colonies exist and states they have been spotted in, it is fair to say that white squirrels are more common than most people realize.